the history about oxidation ponds

the history about oxidation lakes Presentation The most well known wastewater treatment is Oxidation lakes, which will deliver an emanating meeting the suggested microbiological and concoction quality rules both easily and with least operational and upkeep cost. A low degree of treatment is particularly reasonable in creating nations, not just from the perspective of cost yet in addition as far as the trouble of working complex frameworks. In numerous areas it will be smarter to structure the reuse framework to acknowledge a second rate of gushing as opposed to depend on cutting edge treatment forms delivering a recovered emanating which persistently fulfills a rigid quality guideline. Oxidation lakes are currently viewed as the strategy for best option for the treatment of wastewater in numerous pieces of the world. In Europe, for instance Oxidation lakes are generally utilized for little rustic networks (roughly upto 2000 populace yet bigger frameworks exist in Mediterranean France and furthermore in Spain and Portugal). In the United States 33% of all wastewater treatment plants are Oxidation lakes, normally serving populaces up to 5000. In any case, in hotter atmospheres (the Middle East, Africa, Asia and Latin America) lakes are ordinarily utilized for bigger populaces (upto around 1 million). In creating nations and particularly in the tropical and central districts sewage treatment by Oxidation lakes has been viewed as a perfect method of utilizing characteristic procedures to improve sewage effluents. Oxidation lakes, likewise called Waste Stabilization Ponds (WSP) or tidal ponds, are holding bowls utilized for auxiliary wastewater (sewage effluents) treatment where disintegration of natural issue is prepared normally, for example naturally. The action in the Oxidation lakes is an intricate advantageous interaction of microscopic organisms and Algae, which settles the waste and diminishes pathogens. The consequence of this natural procedure is to change over the natural substance of the emanating to increasingly steady and less hostile structures. Oxidation lakes are utilized to treat an assortment of wastewaters, from local wastewaters to complex mechanical waters, and they work under a wide scope of climate conditions, for example tropical to cold. They can be utilized alone or in blend with treatment forms. There are typically at any rate two lakes built. The main lake diminishes the natural material utilizing vigorous assimilation while the subsequent lake cleans the profluent and lessens the pathogens present in sewage. Sewage enters a huge lake subsequent to going through a settling and screening chamber. After maintenance for a few days, the stream is regularly passed into a second lake for additional treatment before it is released into a channel. Microorganisms effectively present in sewage acts to separate natural issue utilizing oxygen from the outside of the lake. Oxidation lakes should be removed intermittently so as to work viably. There are three sorts of Oxidation Ponds which are, Anaerobic lakes Facultative lakes Development lakes Typically an Oxidation lakes framework includes a solitary arrangement of the three lakes types. Generally, anaerobic and facultative lakes are intended for BOD evacuation (Biological Oxidation Demand) and development lakes for pathogen expulsion, albeit some BOD expulsion happens in development lakes and some pathogen evacuation in anaerobic and facultative lakes. In numerous occasions just anaerobic and facultative lakes are required. Anaerobic Ponds Anaerobic lakes are profound treatment lakes that reject oxygen and support the development of microscopic organisms, which separates the emanating. Its in the anaerobic lake that the gushing starts separating without oxygen anaerobically. The anaerobic lake acts like a revealed septic tank. Anaerobic microorganisms separate the natural issue in the gushing, discharging methane and carbon dioxide. Ooze is saved on the base and a hull structures on a superficial level as . Anaerobic lakes are generally 2-5 m profound and get such a high Organic stacking (for the most part > 100 g BOD/m3 d proportionate to > 3000 kg/ha/d for a profundity of 3 m). They contain an Organic stacking that is high comparative with the measure of Oxygen entering the lake, which keeps up anaerobic conditions to the lake surface. Anaerobic lakes dont contain green growth, albeit infrequently a slight film of primarily Chlamydomonas can be seen at the surface. They work amazingly well in warm atmosphere (can accomplish 60-85% BOD evacuation) and have moderately short maintenance time (for BOD of up to 300 mg/l, one day is adequate at temperature > 20oC). Facultative Ponds Facultative lakes (1-2 m profound) are of two kinds: essential facultative lakes, which get crude wastewater and auxiliary facultative lakes, which get settled wastewater (as a rule the profluent from anaerobic lakes). They are intended for BOD expulsion based on a moderately low surface stacking (100-400 kg BOD/ha d at temperature somewhere in the range of 20 °C and 25 °C) to allow the improvement of a solid Algal populace as the Oxygen for BOD evacuation by the lake microscopic organisms is for the most part produced by Algal photosynthesis. Because of the Algae facultative lakes are shaded dim green, in spite of the fact that they may once in a while seem red or pink (particularly when somewhat over-burden) because of the nearness of Anaerobic purple sulfide-oxidizing photosynthetic microbes. Green growth populaces inside the high-impact lake require daylight. They create and produce oxygen in abundance of their own necessities. It is this overabundance of oxygen that is utilized by microbes to additionally separate the Organic issue inside the gushing. The algal creation of oxygen happens close to the outside of vigorous lakes to the profundity to which light can infiltrate. Oxygen can likewise be presented by wind. This facultative condition happens on the grounds that high oxygen levels can't be kept up to the absolute profundity of high-impact lakes. Thus, a completely vigorous surface layer creates alongside an oxygen consuming/anaerobic middle layer, and a completely anaerobic layer on the lake base. Oxygen can't be kept up at the lower layers when, the lake is excessively profound and the shading is too dull to even think about allowing light to infiltrate completely. The interest for oxygen in the lower layer is higher than the gracefully. Request is expanded with elevated levels of natural issue. The anaerobic layer will be more profound in an oxygen consuming lake where there is an amazingly high natural issue substance of the inflowing gushing. The surface layer, wealthy in oxygen isn't sufficiently blended in with the base layer. Development Ponds These lakes get the profluent from a facultative lake and its size and number relies upon the necessary bacteriological nature of the last gushing. Development lakes are shallow (1.0-1.5 m) m, and their whole volume is all around oxygenated for the duration of the day. Their algal populace is substantially more assorted than of facultative lakes. In this manner, the algal assorted variety increments from lake to lake along the arrangement. The principle expulsion components particularly of pathogens and fecal coliforms are controlled by algal movement in cooperative energy with photograph oxidation. Then again, development lakes just accomplish a little expulsion of BOD5, however their commitment to nitrogen and phosphorus evacuation is progressively noteworthy. An all out nitrogen evacuation of 80% in all waste Oxodation lake frameworks, which in this figure compares to 95% smelling salts expulsion. It ought to be accentuated that most alkali and nitrogen is expelled in development lakes. Be that as it may, the all out phosphorus evacuation in development lakes framework is low, generally under half. System And Its Evaluation As a major aspect of my report, I pick Waiwera Oxidation lake in Rodney District chamber. This lake has been intended for a populace of around 1920 with the Orewa lakes. Septic tank muck isn't allowed in this lakes, there are two lakes worked in Waiwera, which are medium profundity of 1.7m. This lake has level earth bottoms and mud compacted with solid wave boundaries with a 25 degrees slant (1 in 2.1). Water is moved between lakes through a lowered funnel and emanating is released to the Waiwera River with a lowered outlet. Committee doesnt permit to release between fifteenth of December to first of February consistently. In this way, the release outlet is appeared in figure 4 and 5 beneath. Released Treated Water To Waiwera River These lakes are expand on mangrove pads of the Waiwera River. The lakes have been working since 1974 and the main issue happened because of incurable blue green growth. The lakes are worked as an essential lake, the littler lake was utilized with assessed stacking of just 36 kg BOD/ha day until 22nd December 1977, however when the bigger lake turned into the essential lake the heap at that point being roughly 21 kg BOD/ha day. In Waiwera Oxidation lake blue green growth were Microcystis, aeruginosa and Anabaenopsis. In lake 1 green growth were just prevailing during August to September 1977, when Chlorella was the most number in species, however during walk to April 1978 when Actinastrum, hantzschii was the main predominant. While changing from lake 1 to the essential lake didnt seemed to influence the algal species. Which can be found in figure 6 down underneath. Blue-Green Algae In Pond Green growth were predominant for additional time in lake 2 as opposed to lake 1. During that time lake 2 was the essential lake. Selesnastrum minutum was a predominant for a brief period in July 1977, at that point Chlorella and Micractinium pusillum then Actinastrum hantzschii during mid-November 1977 till mid-January 1978. Fecal coliform microorganisms were in higher number in winter period, when the lower than regular expulsion in the lake. The rest of the time expulsion rate was in overabundance of 90%, the tallying extended from 9 to 4300 MPN/100ml. The most elevated steady evacuation rate was accomplished among January and March 1978, when the confinement time was most noteworthy. As found in the above table 1, Oxidation lake water temperatures went from 10.4⠁ °C to 26.0⠁ °C. Broken down Oxygen(D.O) focuses in the two lakes were normally close or over the immersion esteem with the exception of in low algal numbers. In tertiary lake, pH esteems fluctuated all through

Facts and Figures About Sivapithecus, the Primate Also Known as Ramapithecus

Statistical data points About Sivapithecus, the Primate Also Known as Ramapithecus Sivapithecus involves a significant spot on the ancient primate developmental stream outline: This slim, five-foot-long gorilla denoted when early primates slid from the soothing safe house of trees and began to investigate the all the way open fields. The late Miocene Sivapithecus had chimpanzee-like feet with adaptable lower legs, however else it looked like an orangutan, to which it might have been legitimately tribal. (Its additionally conceivable that the orangutan-like highlights of Sivapithecus emerged by means of the procedure of concurrent advancement, the propensity of creatures in comparative environments to develop comparative highlights). Generally significant, from the point of view of scientistss, were the state of Sivapithecus teeth. This primates huge canines and vigorously enameled molars point to an eating routine of intense tubers and stems, (for example, would be found on the open fields) as opposed to delicate natural products, (for example, would be found in tr ees). Sivapithecus is personally connected with Ramapithecus, a currently downsized class of focal Asian primate, found in the nation of Nepal, that was once viewed as legitimately genealogical to present day people. Things being what they are, the investigation of the first Ramapithecus fossils was imperfect and that this primate was less human-like, and more orangutan-like, than had at first been idea, also stunningly like the prior named Sivapithecus. Today, most scientistss accept that the fossils credited to Ramapithecus really speak to the somewhat littler females of variety Sivapithecus (sexual separation not being a phenomenal element of familial gorillas and primates), and that neither one of the genera was an immediate Homo sapiens precursor. Types of Sivapithecus/Ramapithecus There are three named types of Sivapithecus, each dating to somewhat extraordinary time periods. The sort species, S. indicus, found in India in the late nineteenth century, lived from around 12 million to 10 million years prior; a subsequent animal types. S. sivalensis, found in northern India and Pakistan in the mid 1930s, lived from around nine to 8,000,000 years back; and a third animal types, S. parvada, found on the Indian subcontinent during the 1970s, was altogether greater than the other two and helped commute home the affinities of Sivapithecus with present day orangutans. You may be pondering, how did a primate like Sivapithecus (or Ramapithecus) end up in Asia, out of every other place on earth, given that the human part of the mammalian transformative tree began in Africa? Indeed, these two realities are not conflicting: it may be the case that the last basic progenitor of Sivapithecus and Homo sapiens did in actuality live in Africa, and its relatives relocated out of the mainland during the center Cenozoic Era. This has next to no bearing on an exuberant discussion presently going on about whether primates did, surely, emerge in Africa; lamentably, this logical debate has been corrupted by some very much established allegations of prejudice (obviously we didnt originate from Africa, state a few specialists, since Africa is such a retrogressive landmass). Name: Sivapithecus (Greek for Siva chimp); articulated SEE-vah-essence ECK-us Natural surroundings: Forests of focal Asia Chronicled Epoch: Center Late Miocene (12-7 million years prior) Size and Weight: Around five feet in length and 50-75 pounds Diet: Plants Recognizing Characteristics: Chimpanzee-like feet; adaptable wrists; huge canines

Ethical Style essay free essay sample

My own morals are formed by my preparation and duty as a mariner serving in the US Navy combined with my obligations and duties as a Christian. At various occasions my moral methodology changes yet can be for the most part portrayed as an extension between an utilitarian, supporter, Judeo-Christian, and instinctive moral styles. The utilitarian and supporter style lines up with my influential position in the military supporting the witticism â€Å"mission + men = success† with an accentuation on mission first. Pioneers are frequently confronted with settling on a choice that influences the gathering all in all and must consider how the outcome impact the gatherings in general calling into play the utilitarian style. The Navy additionally requests my steadfastness as we are promised to comply with the legitimate requests of those selected over me. Then again my own/strict methodology is administered by the Judeo-Christian style with the Golden Rule at the front line of my psyche. We will compose a custom article test on Moral Style article or on the other hand any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The natural style overcomes any barrier between the two as my premonitions are a reaction to my military/educational experience and preparing driven by the Holy Spirit. This permits me to settle on split moral choices without a broad perspective. One day I was drawn closer by a mariner who guaranteed that Leading Chief Petty official in the food administration division was running him down and he was worried that one day he would not have the option to control his feeling. I inquired as to whether there were any others that felt a similar way and he expressed yes however they don’t need to stand up and simply needed to take care of business and return home. I disclosed to him that I would pose a few inquiries and investigate before I made any move. That Friday my Command Master Chief (CMC) he has caught wind of a potential equivalent open door issue and needed to know why I have not educated him concerning it. The Chief Petty Officer and I had an extraordinary relationship and I would think of him as a companion anyway since he was a position higher than I we didn't cross those limits. I had a discussion with him and let him talk up the subject of work and the weight he was under to perform and offered to descend and help him and I likewise conversed with the Supply Officer and offered my help with request to defuse the circumstance. These signals were amenably turned down and I was requested to by the Supply Officer not to investigate it any further. I guaranteed him that I was investigating the issues at the least level conceivable, that I have briefly defused the circumstance and on the off chance that I saw any proof to their cases I would tell him right away. Much the same as the mariner said everybody had issues and the more I investigated it the more I revealed. I was confronted with a choice attempt to support the boss and the strategic location the issues of the majority.

Common Size Analysis free essay sample

Normal Size Statements are utilized to think about budget reports of various size organizations, or of a similar organization over various periods. Basic size examination (additionally called vertical investigation) communicates each detail on a solitary years fiscal report as a percent. The base sum for the accounting report is normally all out resources (which is a similar number as absolute liabilities in addition to investors value), and for the pay explanation it is generally net deals or incomes. By looking at least two years of basic size articulations, changes in the blend of advantages, liabilities, and value become apparent. On the pay explanation, changes in the blend of incomes and in the spending for various sorts of costs can be distinguished The proportions regularly are communicated as rates of the reference sum. Regular size explanations typically are set up for the pay articulation and monetary record, communicating data as follows: * Income proclamation things communicated as a level of all out income * Balance sheet things communicated as a level of absolute resources Comparisons Between Companies (Cross-Sectional Analysis) An organization may decide to use budget reports of this sort to introduce a fast depiction of the amount of the company’s gathered or produced income is going toward each operational capacity inside the association. We will compose a custom paper test on Normal Size Analysis or on the other hand any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page The utilization of a typical size explanation can make it conceivable to rapidly distinguish regions that might be using a greater amount of the working capital than is down to earth at that point, and permit budgetary changes to be executed to address the circumstance. The basic size proclamation can likewise be a useful instrument in contrasting the money related structures and activity methodologies of two distinct organizations. The utilization of rates in the basic size explanations evacuates the issue of which organization creates more income, and welcomes the emphasis on how the income is used inside every one of the two organizations. Regularly, the utilization of a typical size proclamation as such can assist with distinguishing zones where each organization is using assets proficiently, just as zones where there is opportunity to get better. Basic size articulations can be set up for any audit period wanted. Organizations that decide to utilize budget summaries of this sort may decide to use this configuration for quarterly, semi-yearly, or yearly audits.

A Matter of Life and Death, or Did You Hear Someone Knocking

A Matter of Life and Death, or Did You Hear Someone Knocking There is not really an encounter as unimportant and as regularly as hearing somebody thumping at the entryway or a doorbell ringing. Be that as it may, even out of such a typical thing, Metcalfe and Game figure out how to build up a convincing and fascinating idea.Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on A Matter of Life and Death, or Did You Hear Someone Knocking? explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More In their short story, ‘A thump at the door’, the authors figure out how to pass on a thought that changes, regardless of whether they are for better or for more regrettable, are an integral part of people’s lives, which implies that being open for changes is essentially carrying on with a full life. Investigating the section that begins with â€Å"the doorbell prompts drama’s basic question† to â€Å"was never to be completed†1, one can see that there is more in the straightforward portrayal of decision than meets the eye. At certain point, it may really appear that the creators not simply indicate the torments of settling on a decision, yet in addition make a major similitude for life for what it's worth, with every one of its chances that go back and forth, and the dangers which these open doors hide. The entryway turns into a portal for an innumerable number of occasions and further alternatives to browse; the creators clarify that after the entryway is open, the individual who opened it will undoubtedly take a lot of obligations that accompany another associate. â€Å"The guest could be a beggarman or a criminal; it could be Archangel Gabriel, the Angel of Death or an individual with uplifting news from lottery office†2. Metcalfe and Game clarify that, opening the entryway, one will give the entire palette of life access, along these lines, evolving his/her own pace, which unquestionably takes guts.Advertising Looking for paper on sociologies? How about we check whether we can sup port you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More furthermore, Metcalfe and Game touch upon the need of isolation, referencing that, in view of one single visit, the work on Kubla Khan was hindered to never be proceeded again. It appears that the creators are not just demonstrating the components of the twofold restriction rationales, but at the same time are attempting to break liberated from its domain. Obviously, they do pass on the message that there are two key alternatives, for example either facing the challenges and going where the possibility will take you, or staying there fidgeting one’s fingers and dreading the weight of obligations. In any case, it appears that Metcalfe and Game do in reality think about the third alternative, that is, the chance of waiting and reevaluating the decision. Indeed, even as the creators talk about the decision being made, they despite everything clarify that the snapshot of decision is another phase that prompts a specific self- advancement: â€Å"The entryway has become a shade that will open to uncover the following phase of my life†3. In this manner, most importantly at whatever point hearing a thump at the entryway, it is smarter to take risks and open it. Regardless of the way that changes lead to the most eccentric outcomes and can flip around one’s life totally, they are a greatly improved choice than carrying on with a real existence as energizing as a timetable of trains. Appearing in a somewhat realistic manner that open door thumps, however it doesn't ask, the writers figured out how to clarify the perusers how eccentric life can be, making it clear that a decent possibility merits taking a risk.Advertising We will compose a custom paper test on A Matter of Life and Death, or Did You Hear Someone Knocking? explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Bibliography Metcalfe, An A Game, ‘A thump at the door’ in A Metcalfe A Game (eds.), Theâ mystery of regular d ay to day existence, Federation Press, Annandale, AU, 2002. References 1. A. Metcalfe A Game, ‘A thump at the door’ in A Metcalfe A Game (eds.), The puzzle of regular day to day existence, Federation Press, Annandale, AU, 2002, p. 65. 2. A. Metcalfe A Game, ‘A thump at the door’ in A Metcalfe A Game (eds.), The secret of regular daily existence, Federation Press, Annandale, AU, 2002, p. 65. 3. A. Metcalfe A Game, ‘A thump at the door’ in A Metcalfe A Game (eds.), The riddle of regular day to day existence, Federation Press, Annandale, AU, 2002, p. 65.

Early Morning Construction

Early Morning Construction Yesterday, I wrote to facilities complaining about the noise from the construction in the alley. Yesterday was also somewhat of an exception so I was not unduly harsh. The past week or so a dull thudding began at 8am sharp and continued for some hours into the day. Down the other end of the alley, they appeared to be drilling holes into the pavement and covering them up with metal plates. Which I didnt so much mind except that it kept me from sleeping with my windows open at night, this I did mind. Two days ago a bunch of kids pulled down a big branch from the tree outside my window. Said it was coming down anyhow and didnt want anyone to get crushed under it. Seeing how easily it came down Id say this was probably the case. I liked the path-of-the-hurricane look and watching people step around the downed branch. Of course, as I expected, there were some noise implications. Earlier than usual yesterday at 7am several very loud chain saws were used to dice the branch up. They did thei r work efficiently, by the time I woke up for the second time at 11am there was not more than a spattering of sawdust. So these were the events leading up to the noise complaint. The noise complaint itself looked like this: Construction in Back Alley Next to Bexley Dorm Hello, Im wondering how long this will go on for. The construction has begun at 8am for several consecutive days now and the noise is making it impossible to sleep as I live on the first floor with a window facing. I wonder if there is a chance that construction might start at 9 instead or I might get reassurance that the noise levels will decrease soon. Thanks Lulu Did they receive it? I wondered. They had not replied but surely I did not expect them to so quickly, that would be highly unusual and diligent. 24 hours pass. One day after my noise complaint. I wake up to a small earthquake. First, there was the usual machinery noise, so I reached up and pulled down my window and my shades, assured that I was in for another 3 hours of sleep. Yesterday, my best sleep happened in that last 3 hours, so yeah, Id say I was looking forward. But something was afoot. I first grew concerned at the sounds of what appeared to be an operation devoted to lifting up large boulders and dropping them on the ground. So I pulled back my blinds a bit and looked out. I saw maybe 6 hard hats standing around, one of those yellow huge claw arms, bricks on the ground, and a section of the brick wall outside my window missing. Ive never actually watched these guys work before. The bobcat parked outside my window yesterday is certainly being put to good use. The view has changed dramatically. I dont think they planned any of this out before they did it. At 9:30 the usual drilling and covering w/ metal plates started. It looked so wuss against the felled wall. Chunks of bricks looked like delicious chocolate bars. I took some pictures, sent a second email to facilities. Hello, They are knocking down the brick wall outside my window at 7:30 in the morning. The ground is shaking and my head is pounding and its a little exciting, but its so early and Im sorry, but, could you guys be ignoring my noise complaint more in any way? Thanks :( sorry to be whiny, but apparently this has been a problem at bexley all year. Lulu I cant say I was expecting much out of it, and I went about my terrible day that started at 7:30am after 3 hours of sleep. But really, sometimes, all you need to do is ask. Because within the day, I received 3 return emails, with information about the project itself, from facilities staff, from the head, with apologies and a change in construction time according to my requests. And, although some kids here are still complaining, cause waking up at 9am still blows, whatever, thats pretty cool. Its a compromise Im happy to make. lol, in other news: Yes Lulu, Well take care of it on Monday Original Message From: lulu liu Sent: Friday, July 04, 2008 4:13 PM To: Jonathan Nolan Subject: Light Cockroaches Mice Hello, My kitchen light is broken in suite 106, is there any way a bulb could be replaced? Also, Im not sure if three is a huge hole in my floorboards somewhere or under my bed or something but 2 days ago a mouse came out from under my bed and today a giant cockroach- the 2 inches long type, came crawling out in the same direction. Could that be looked at as well maybe? Thanks lulu The mouse I didnt so much mind but the cockroach was hairy and disgusting.

Art in the Renaissance Period - 825 Words

Art in the Renaissance Period (Research Paper Sample) Content: Name: Instructorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Name: Course: Date: Art in the Renaissance Period The Renaissance was a cultural movement between 14th century and 17th century that began in Italy. It speared to various parts of Europe. It was characterized by innovative techniques that rendered natural reality in painting, architecture, and sculpture. This paper discusses these three artworks during Renaissance period. Painting The renaissance painting encompasses the works of Giotto and Michelango. Most painters were preoccupied with several themes that guided their works. These themes included subject matter and execution. They concerned what was painted and the specific style that defined painting. Most painters had relative freedom regarding what to paint and the style by which it was supposed to be painted compared to the painters during the medieval period. Painters depicted humanity through symbolic portrait narrative element. An artist, Piero della Francesca worked on the Flagellation of Christ that demonstrated a work of a variety of themes (Janson, 98). These themes were manifested in elements and the subject matter. The elements included tiled floor that combined to create two spaces. Piero lit the inner spaces by use of unseen light in which Jesus looks. There were religious themes manifested in this work. Architecture Renaissance architecture existed between 15th and early 17th centuries. It occurred in various parts of Europe. This work of art manifested a conscious revival of the development of some aspects of Greek and Roman thought. It came after the Gothic architecture. It emphasizes the symmetry, geometry and proportion. The architecture was one of a kind during this period. It demonstrated aspects of classical antiquity. The lintels, plasters and columns were arranged in order. The renaissance architecture encompassed the use of hemispherical domes, aedicules, semi-circular arches and niches that took the place of the irregular structures of medieval buildings (Janson, 99). This architectural style began in Florence and brought to being by various architects that wanted to resuscitate the past order. Italian architects preferred well-defined forms and structural members that expressed their purpose. Buildings that demonstrate this style include the Pisa Cathedral and Florence Baptistery. Sculpture Renaissance sculptors displayed examples of the Greek sculpture unlike the renaissance painters that had no cases of antique painting to refer to. For example, Giotto, the first renaissance painter constructed his own foundations while Nicola Pisano, the first renaissance sculpture had pre-existing sculpture upon which he build his works. The foundations that formed the basis on renaissance sculpture existed during the Dark Ages and the medieval era. Individualism was a key feature in the sculpture and painting (Janson, 103). Individual artist concentrated on their works and displayed various aspects of sculpture. Pisanoà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s son emerged a vivid embodiment of the renaissance sculpture. Naturalism was manifested in sculpture through the rise of temporary subjects. In addition, there were more naturalistic handling of drapery, proportions and anatomy. During this period, classical subjects and forms remerged. The time of Nicola Pisano saw the revival of classism in sculpture. Th...